Alligator Effigy Mound
The exact creature depicted in the 217-foot, nearly acre-sized mound is unknown, yet the moniker “Alligator Mound” has remained with the site. Presiding over a hilltop view of Raccoon Creek near the village of Granville, its features include appendages that appear to be a head, tail, and four limbs, though a fifth limb has been destroyed in recent centuries. Some theories for the intended representation include an opossum, a flying squirrel, or a lizard. [1] A more recent and well-argued theory posited by archaeologist Bradley Lepper is that the mound could represent an “Underwater Panther,” a Native American mythological creature that European settlers may have misinterpreted as an alligator. [2]
Construction
Originally attributed to the Hopewell culture that built the nearby Newark Earthworks, radiocarbon dating has placed the construction of Alligator Mound between 1100 and 1300 CE, more than 500 years after the decline of Hopewell culture. [3] The site is now understood to be part of a broader cultural movement of effigy mound construction in the Ohio River Valley region known as the Fort Ancient culture (1000 CE-1650 CE), which includes Ohio's Serpent Mound. [4]
Damage and Preservation
One limb of the effigy was damaged in the nineteenth century by a stone quarry dug into the hillside. Quarrymen reported recovering “bones and charcoal” at the site. The mound suffered from human activity such as plowing, animal grazing, and recreational pursuits for more than a century. [5] It was an attraction for locals, including children from the village who enjoyed playing on the mound. [6] The site is currently owned by the Licking County Historical Society after its purchase for $1 from the developer Robert Woods and the Bryn Du Woods Society in 1991. [7] The Mound can be viewed from Bryn du Drive, but walking on the mound is prohibited.
For more information on the history and archaeology of Alligator Mound see Susan Woodward and Jerry MacDonald's Indian Mounds in the Middle Ohio Valley and Bradley Lepper's "Ohio's 'Alligator'" in Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society, April 2001.
J.G.
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References
- ↑ Miller. A., “Town Proud of the Alligator.” Columbus Dispatch, Jul. 7, 1985
- ↑ MaClae, D., “Mound of Mystery,” Columbus Dispatch, Feb. 7, 2001. For the myth of the Underwater Serpent see Lepper’s article “Ohio’s ‘Alligator’” Timeline. A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society, (April 2001), 24-25
- ↑ Lepper, B., “Ohio’s ‘Alligator’” Timeline. A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society, (April 2001), 24
- ↑ https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Fort_Ancient_Culture
- ↑ Lepper, B., “Ohio’s ‘Alligator’,” Timeline. A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society, (April 2001), 21
- ↑ Moody, M., “We loved the Alligator,” The Advocate, Dec. 5, 1991
- ↑ “Historical Society to buy Alligator Mound,” Columbus Dispatch, Nov. 16, 1991
